Well Have you tried practicing scales? The way I see it that's the most efficient exercise to develop "muscle memory" so that your fingers will remember where to go. Play common scales like G major, C Major as well as Ab Major (4 flats) and B Major (5 sharps) so that your fingers cover all the areas. and once you've done 1 octaves, try 2 octaves and try conquering the third position on the violin by playing scales entirely in that position. (then there's fifth position and onwards of course. Not to mention the 2nd and 4th positions that I skipped)
Besides these, are you sure your posture and everything else is accurate? do your fingers form a square as they fall on the fingerboard? is your left hand and thumb slightly touching the neck of the violin (two points of contact is recommended)see this image for reference. Also, is your elbow in the right places when you're playing a certain string? For example as per Ivan Galaman's book, your elbow should be more to the left when you're playing the lower strings and more to the right when you're on the upper strings. also if your arms are short you might want to keep your elbow always slightly to the right so as to place your fingers more easily (vice versa for long armed people) also if your fingers are short you might want to move your hand to the right so that you can hit all the notes with ease. your first finger will then stretch back to hit the first note but your other fingers, especially the small finger, won't have to suffer. (vice versa for long fingered players)
Also another tip. you must check to see if your hand can cover two strings perfectly besides the one your hand is on. e.g. if your first finger is on "B note" in the A string, your fourth must be able to not only play E on A string but also A and B on the D and GE strings respectively. try and see if you can hit the exact positions above and below with your fingers it will help you with string crossing. you will learn that it is more about rotating your hand up and down so that the finger can reach the similar position than it is about lifting and placing the finger anew (at least that's what worked for me)