Quick answer - yes, it is common for 'cautionary' accidentals to be used. Often they will be in brackets. Sometimes they're a matter of house style. Sometimes they're essential. We can argue over whether the lower E in this example technically requires a natural (probably it does). But I have frequently seen this sort of thing 'corrected' in pencil by students or teachers not tuned in to today's pleasantly astringent harmonies!
(I say 'today's'. This sort of thing has been going on for 100 years and more. But there are still teachers who live in a world of simple classicicism and hymn-books. And who would hear one or other of those Es as a 'wrong note'.)
