My friend tells me a suspended chord means you hold down the sustain pedal but that doesn't sound right... Can someone help?
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1Could you add some more context to this question? For example, are you discussing a specific piece of music? If yes, could you include the title, composer, and measure number; or perhaps an image?– AaronCommented Sep 14, 2021 at 21:22
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6Maybe your friend is just making a joke, since there's no such a thing as "suspended pedal"; there's the sustain pedal, which is the most commonly used pedal of a piano, but it has nothing to do with the concept of "suspended chord", since it could be used in any occasion, even when playing a single note.– musicamanteCommented Sep 14, 2021 at 21:48
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This one? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended_chord– ojsCommented Sep 15, 2021 at 6:58
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@musicamante the suggestion that this might be a joke reminds me of the sky hook. "Can you bring me a sky hook?" One of the people I knew who was fond of this ploy once reacted to a request for left-handed scissors as if the person making the request was similarly joking around. The other possibility here, of course, is that the friend is genuinely confused.– phoogCommented Sep 15, 2021 at 7:05
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3@Tim when a user of scissors holds scissors of the right design for the hand being used, it's possible to apply leverage to press the two cutting edges more firmly together while cutting. The same action pushes the blades apart from one another when using scissors designed for the other hand. The next time you find a pair of left-handed scissors, try using them with your left hand. It works like a charm.– phoogCommented Sep 15, 2021 at 13:31
3 Answers
Your friend seems to be confusing 'suspend' and 'sustain'.
Here's more than you probably want to know about suspensions.
Consider an F major chord followed by a C major chord. Let's root them both on C. So we've got C, F, A followed by C, E, G. The F falls to E, the A falls to G.
Now, suppose we hang on to the F a bit longer, delaying its move to E. We call this a 'suspension'. When it eventually does fall to E, that's a 'resolution'.
If we're thinking in chord symbols, that's F, C(sus4), C. Or, as a suspended 4th is the most common suspension, just F, Csus, C.
The traditional rule was that the suspended note (F in this case) had to be 'prepared' in the preceding chord. Then the idea of an 'unprepared suspension' came along. And now we even commonly use 'unresolved suspensions', where a Csus chord can come out of nowhere and not be required to resolve to C.
"Suspended chord" means the same thing on piano that it means elsewhere: it is a chord whose components are derived from the common-practice harmony technique of suspension, in which a chord tone from the previous chord is held over for a while. For example, there might be three chords, F major, G major, C major. When the chord changes to G major, the part that had C in the F major chord doesn't move to B right away but instead stays on the C for a beat, moving to the B on the next beat. Since the C and B are a fourth and a third above G, this is called a 4-3 suspension.
More recently, 100 years ago or so, it became common to provide chords with popular sheet music for use with guitar, ukulele, or similar instruments. This created a tendency for the suspension to be viewed in isolation rather than as the first part of a musical gesture containing one note. The chords for this example would be given as F Gsus4 G C
or even just F Gsus G C
.
A suspended chord, therefore, is typically a chord in which the fourth substitutes for the third. That is, it contains the root, the fourth, and the fifth. Variations are possible, though; there can be a seventh (G7sus4
), and I've heard tell of sus2
chords as well, though this notation does not seem to be standardized (see, for example, the discussion at Sus2 doesn't exist?).
As Tim notes in his answer, people sometimes misapprehend the "sus" in chord symbols to mean "sustained" rather than "suspended." As Laurence Payne notes in his answer, your friend has also confused "suspend" and "sustain," but in this case your friend has made the opposite mistake by misunderstanding the piano's sustain pedal as a suspend pedal.
A suspended chord is one which loses its 3rd, and has a P4 played instead.(Sus 4).
Often, that 3rd is lost in favour of a 2nd, which then re-names the chord 'suspended' (sus2). In reality, though, that chord should be named a retardation -(ret 2).
The suspended note sometimes is what's left of the previous harmony, but doesn't necessarily have to be. There are many times when the sus4 chord is used with no reference to the previous chord. Likewise, resolution isn't always given - though it often is the case. The general idea is that suspension gives that feeling of dissonance, which we expect to be resolved soon, and usually we reach our expectations. But dissonance may continue for longer so not get resolved by that P4 moving to 3 sooner.
With just 'sus' to go on, that's not the first time someone's thought sus(tain). Wrong!