Chord inversions seem to be the obvious choice, but sometimes it changes the overall harmony or disturbs the voice leading. Am I stuck with that key of whatever the orchestral piece is originally written?
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Very few orchestral pieces will be written so that some instruments are at their limits - high or low. There will be some leeway, but also bear in mind that some keys are not nice for some instruments to play in. Which will have a bearing on where the new key puts some instruments at least. Why would the key need transposing?– TimJun 9, 2020 at 9:44
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2The top limit of an instrument's range can be fuzzy. But the bottom limit is generally absolute. And composers DO use the lowest notes.– LaurenceJun 9, 2020 at 12:13
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2Why do you want to? What do you hope to achieve by doing this?– Carl WitthoftJun 9, 2020 at 14:41
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@CarlWitthoft There probably more reasons, but as an amateur in composition, sometimes I end up choosing a key that is unsatisfactory in delivering the vocals I want.– David LEJun 10, 2020 at 18:42
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2 Answers
Transposing orchestral pieces mostly produces unsatisfactory results, but it's often done, particularly to accommodate singers. If you transpose up too much the result often sounds thin, and if you transpose down too much the sound can get very muddy. A major third is normally about the maximum you can get away with.
Most orchestral instruments don't have a hard upper range limit, but they do have a hard lower range limit, and these limits are often used in orchestral writing, so transposition downwards is slightly more problematic than upwards. There are several strategies to cope with out-of-range notes:
- Single notes or whole passages can be transposed an octave. This only works if it doesn't mess up the chord inversions.
- Out-of-range notes can be given to other instruments.
- Another instrument from the same family can be substituted. A low range second clarinet part transposed down might work on bass clarinet. A high flute part transposed up might work better on piccolo.
- In unison lines it can often make sense to just leave out individual instruments where they go out of range.
- In really difficult cases it might be necessary to completely redistribute the orchestration of a section of music.
One option is to re-orchestrate the work; we also call this "arranging."
By changing around the instrumentation, you can move the various lines to other instruments that might have different range characteristics. Just be careful that this re-orchestration doesn't ruin the balance of the work: often inexperienced musicians will re-orchestrate something such that the melody can no longer be heard.
Lastly, I would caution against changing the chord inversions. They are a vital part of the musical structure that help determine the form, the flow, and the emotional content of a work, and changing them up could actively harm your transcription.
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I thought I was imagining things when I notice changing chord inversions was also changing the "story" of the song. Glad that this clears up my doubts.– David LEJun 9, 2020 at 14:34