Disclaimer: It's difficult mixing terminology between Western and non-Western musics, but I'll try to make my question as clear as possible.
Western Classical music most often has an accent at the start of a given metrical unit; we call it the downbeat. Although there may be an anacrusis, the metrical accent nevertheless typically aligns with the beginning of a barline. In contrast, the metric structure of Gamelan uses metrical accents to mark the ends of these metrical units.
As an oversimplified example, imagine a string of 16 sixteenth notes. In Western Classical music, a typical metric hierarchy would look something like
x
x x
x x x x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
where the number of "x"s indicate the strength of metrical accent.
In Gamelan music, however, a typical metric hierarchy looks more like
x
x x
x x x x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
(Note that throughout I'm talking about metrical accents that define the meter. I'm not talking about rhythmic or phenomenal accents like syncopations, etc.)
The Question
What other cultures metrically accent the ends of units?
And a bonus question, if this even exists: are there cultures that metrically emphasize something other than the beginning or end?