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I've recently started to do dedicated sight-reading exercises. As I make progress I can either move on towards more difficult pieces or stay at the same level while increasing the speed. Currently I'm doing the former while playing rather slow (around 60bpm).
Will that approach also improve my speed in the long run or should I practice for speed separately?
I'm playing the piano, but I think the question applies to other instruments, too.
Its worth noting that as you develop as a player you will become better at sight-reading simply because you become a better player.
But by definition you cannot attempt to sight-read a piece more than once can you? After that its not really sight-reading is it.
So @alephzero has made a really significant point that is worth repeating: If you want to use sight-reading as a skill then you need to be able to read the pieces at the intended tempo. Anything else is just practicing the instrument.
You need to find lots of music and just try playing it. Start with things that are simple. Move on when you find yourself managing that level of piece easily at first sight. Be critical and be honest about what you managed and what you didn't. That will give you an insight into where you need to strengthen your technique.
Good luck.
TL;DR
One should go for speed and difficulty simultaneously, where
(1) Speed comes from experience.
(2) Difficulty is the presence of lots of simple things in close proximity.
(3) Simple things are easiest to learn in a simple context.
(4) To read difficult things, one needs to read multiple simple things quickly.
(5) Experience with simple things in simple contexts allows one to read them quickly.
Play music that can be easily and understood at sight. Choose practice material from the level at which you can easily read all of the music — notes, rhythm, dynamics, articulation, and any other instructions in the score (such as pedaling, for piano) — so that one is reading music, not notes. Sight-reading practice only works if you understand (i.e., can make music out of) what you're reading.
I highly recommend getting "book 1" of some teaching method series — or better yet, the "pre book 1" book — and read through it — making every exercise as musical as you can. A person who can make music out of a "song" with just quarter notes and one or two pitches, can make music with compositions where the musicality is "built in" by the composer.
"Sight-read" things multiple times — even to the point of memorization. This reinforces the connections between what one sees, how one executes, and what one hears. In this way, one is far better prepared when those things occur in a new, more difficult/complex context. They have become "easy" to read, so that one's attention can be focused on other aspects of the complexity.
Nothing makes sight-reading easier than pattern recognition. Study music theory, and practice scales, arpeggios, and chords. Pattern recognition is at the heart of these studies. It's far easier to read complex scale patterns if one recognizes the scales as opposed to reading each note separately. Similarly with arpeggios and broken chords, and so on.
Sight reading is a place where you should always try to push yourself to harder music. Speed can be practiced in different ways, but the benefit of sight reading really comes from your brain being forced to focus on seeing and processing the notation. Part of the notation is playing at the indicated speed. Sight reading a Largo can be quite different as you sub-divide to stay in time.
So practice playing faster in other ways, separately, and push the "harder music" in the sight reading.
