I think you’ve got a few things off. First, let’s look at what you’ve got with your three guitars.
Your left channel has 100% of 1, 50% of 2, and 0% of 3.
Your right channel has 0% of 1, 50% of 2, and 100% of 3.
Mid = L+R which means Mid will have 100% of 1, 100% of 2 and 100% of 3.
Side = L-R which means side will have 100% of 1, 0% of 2, and -100% of 3. In this case, the negative sign means that the polarity of the signal is reversed.
Using Mid/Side means that you can drop the side channel out and still have a mono mix, which is why the mid channel has all three guitars in it. What the side channel does is contain the “stereo width” in a way. If you mid-side encode, then the fader that controls the level of the side channel just widens the image as you bring it up. On the other hand, if you drop out the mid channel you lose guitar 2 entirely.
So what mid/side processing does is let you separately control the overall level and the stereo width. If you compress the side channel more than the mid channel, for example, then you limit the width of the image. If you compress the mid channel more than the sides, then you limit the overall level while still having a dynamic stereo width. It’s a bit weird to work out in your head, so I’d suggest playing around with it to really get it.
Your second question I don’t get. If you have something panned 30% left, then it’s still 30% left. If you mid/side process it then by raising and lowering the side channel you’re basically increasing or reducing how far left it is. 0 side means it’s panned center. 0 mid and 100% side means it’s panned 100% left.
One thing to understand about “mid/side processing” is that it’s not about taking away the normal left/right panning. What you do is you take the left/right and encode it mid/side (as above), then you process the mid and the side differently, then you decode it back to left/right. That last step Is pretty much always done because we don’t have mid/side speakers or mid/side ears. Sending mid to the left speaker and side to the right would around very strange.
As I mentioned above, I recommend playing around with it and using your ears to understand best how it all works.
For reference, decoding mid-side looks like this:
Left = mid + side
Right = mid - side
See: https://www.soundonsound.com/sound-advice/q-how-does-mid-sides-recording-actually-work