I can play an A chord okay, as seen here:
However, I tried putting a capo on the 10th fret and playing it from there and couldn't do it at all. I have thin fingers and it was still impossible to achieve the fingering seen above on the 12th fret. There wasn't space for all three fingers in such a tiny area without one finger being pushed onto the next fret.
How is it done?
The frets get very close together after the 10th fret so there is no way I would be able to use 3 fingers to play the open A chord as shown in your diagram. What I would do is use my middle finger (between index and ring finger) to "barre" the 3 strings and bend my finger up to avoid contact with the high e string. This is what I do when playing an A Shaped Barre chord except then I use my ring finger.
Below is a picture of me playing an open A with capo on tenth fret with one finger. It might be hard to see in the picture but I am bending my finger to avoid the first string.
To be honest, the fingering you have pictured is the way I'd do it - with the index finger pulled back behind the other two, so that you aren't trying to get any two fingers exactly side-by-side:
On really high frets though, I probably would just be just laying my finger across all the strings, as David Bowling suggests & as shown in Rockin Cowboy's answer.
But then aren't I covering the first string too?
What I'd do is either not play the top E string, or try to put light pressure on it so that I'm muting it.
Again as per the comments, capo on 10th fret is a quite extreme - you are going to have to cheat a bit and find some compromises if you really want to do that. (But then a lot of guitar playing is about cheating and finding compromises!)
If you are trying to replicate exactly the fingering in your chart at the 12-th fret and beyond it may not be possible. By the way the fingering you have is only one of a few ways to play it. You can bar the three notes with the first finger and either avoid playing the high e string, use the pinky on the 5-th fret e string to get another A. You can also finger those notes in the following sequence on the second fret (1, 2, 3), (2, 1, 3) (as you posted), (2, 3, 1) (which is Amin with the index finger pulled up a fret). etc. There isn't a perfect or proper form here. Any of these are necessary for smooth motion from one chord to another within a progression and I've seen all of the above and more notated in classical and jazz guitar arrangements. That being said, perhaps don't try and replicate the exact form. If you want to really hear the voicing
(x, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0)
on higher frets you will have to work at it until it feels comfortable. I personally do not use a capo and would bar the first finger to get the highest and lowest note in the chord, then use either a bar with the third finger to get the other notes or some combo of (2, 3, 4). That being said the open string fingerings do not survive when they are moved up the finger board. The voicing can be preserved but the fingering cannot (at least not easily without a capo). For example the A-form you want to move would be fingered as (x, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1), were the 2, 3, 4 fingers are all on the same fret consecutive strings. For this reason a lot of players prefer to use the "movable" chord fingerings in the open position. For example you can play the open A-form as (x, 0, 2, 3, 4, 0), rather than (x, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0) or other. This way as you shift your hand feels the same. It's one option.
Instead of 123 you can use 234
another possibility is to play A6 by laying the finger (don’t mind which one) or A7 by playing the 1.string in the 3rd (counting from the capo): A6 will fit as subdominante substitution for f#m (ii) for songs in E or tonic in A. A7 as dominante in D or subdominant in blues in E (would also fit as tonic in a blues in A.
I am guessing you can play a basic A just fine. 'A' chords has three notes; A, C# and E. As long as you play those, in any order, you're good. I usually play x07655.
