It's a much weaker cadence than V-I and IV-I: it lacks the leading tone of V and the common tone of IV. It also doesn't lend itself to good voice leading by traditional classical standards (in particular, it promotes parallel fifths).
For these reasons, it was not commonly used and, as a result, doesn't have any special label.
In general, ii serves the function of a pre-dominant chord, leading to V or possibly vii.
There is a named cadence that involves a ii chord (actually, ♭II). The Andalusian cadence, in terms of the Phrygian mode from which it originates, is iv-III-II-I. In terms of major, this would be iv-♭III-♭II-I.
The ♭II chord does have a special name — the Neapolitan chord — because of its distinctive sound.