Note: Internet advice on piano fingering is always suspect, since it comes from random people all over the world, who probably have completely different physiognomy, experience and attitudes than you do.
That said, these left hand figures are clearly intended to be played with one position per group, even though they span more notes than the average hand. I would always play 5-2-1-5, 5-3-1-3 or similar combinations for each group of four, since these groups are the units you have to learn to understand the passage (they also tend to correspond to the chord changes). (It doesn't hurt that my left hand span is way above average.)
That means that when the entire group shifts between bars, yes, you would use the same finger twice in succession on very remote keys. Obviously it helps to play these groups slightly unequally to buy yourself a little extra time for the position shift, but overall it's just much easier and more comfortable to practice one general pattern of movement for all these similar bars than to invent special-case solutions for all the places where the general solution creates local difficulties. Interpreting an entire sonata movement reasonably is very much a case of the big picture being more important than the niggling details.